Titanium element symbol Ti, hailed myth transit and ground son.
Despite all walks of life now have titanium figure, but titanium is still in people's minds very strange, as is well known , unlike iron, aluminum, household name . Therefore, understanding titanium, titanium awareness , attention titanium becomes more urgent. Despite the early eighties of the last century , the state established the National Leading Group Office to promote the application of titanium , 20 years, Aerospace titanium castings titanium industry has been rapid development , further widening the use of titanium , titanium but in the end what that is, how to use, more its still know these people I do not know why.
A lot of people did not know what titanium , titanium past two years but the market is the same as the name "Titanium " hot, too hot for some people who do not understand the titanium -row actually said the words , that is, people say open yellow cavity. After more complicated after the titanium smelting process out , the shape of the sponge -like, it is called titanium sponge . Since last year, the market is extremely strong titanium sponge , the price soared from 5,6 million ton a ton to more than 20 million , the highest it has sold more than 30 million yuan a ton , it is no exaggeration to say that now in the hands of owners who titanium sponge whoever has the opportunity to make a fortune. In this hot market , some knowledge of the money and did not know who to care between acquaintances to buy titanium sponge titanium, titanium openings actually say do not buy just to buy a sponge , jokes jokes Yeah , even the product names are confused on buying titanium sponge , indeed ironic . Jokes apart , there are also thinking of a joke . How to make titanium into the homes of ordinary people , to let people know that just as iron titanium , aluminum, titanium promote the application of this work is to be valued . I want to let more people know about titanium, titanium know , the use of titanium , titanium had to start from the origin , and the depth into the room , go slowly so that people know the truth about titanium .
In 1789, the British discoverer of titanium analytical chemist Glenn Gore . Once, he conducted research on the UK Manasseh Chen valley produced a black magnetic ore, found to contain brown slag powder. He was a very strong interest and research. Did not arouse people's attention. 1795 , German mineralogist and analytical chemist Klaproth in the analysis region of Hungary Bowie Nick red rutile production , Chen found mine looks like Manasseh , after comparative studies, knows the difference between the main ingredient similar, but Manasseh Chen ore containing iron . Klaproth convinced that this is a new metal oxide , and curiously named the new element to this "Titanium" ( Ti ) , the name refers to a Greek myth : that heaven and earth son called first generation "Too Dan Adams " (Titans), it is the legendary Titan , from , Ti titanium has become a symbol . 1849 German chemist Weiler with potassium and fluorine potassium titanate of heat , a system of impure metal titanium. Smelting titanium is present , first through a series of titanium ore processed into titanium tetrachloride, and then sunrui Titanium alloy valve magnesium or sodium reduction in an inert gas to produce spongy titanium is titanium sponge .
Titan god Titanic. German mineralogist Klaproth in the Greek mythology, the Titans gave reputation "Titanium " is , I'm afraid there was no thought of as titanium and Titan will be the Titanic , and even many of the potential of titanium , it is smart Titans God can not.
In 1986 , when the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Science and Technology Advisor Li Dongying was shot , " the rise of the third metal - titanium" won the Sixth China Golden Rooster Award for best popular science since the son of heaven and earth , " titanium" Tan God has begun in China from strangers into people 's vision . When the " Shenzhou V " manned spacecraft was successfully launched , " titanium" Tan God and the " Sunrui titanium material Shenzhou V " of Xiang blue sky.
Titanium , the son of heaven and earth , and its potential, intelligence will expose grace in different areas in the metal world of the twenty -first century , the number of romantic material also see the metal titanium.
Aerospace titanium castings
2014年4月16日星期三
Titanium alloy valve Titanium crazy man in the world
Stone is always engaged in the processing of private enterprise , general manager of titanium Baoji City, Shaanxi Province , in June this year, he came to discuss business matters Zunyi Titanium plant at night in Caigen restaurant for dinner , I accidentally knew he has a Aerospace titanium castings deep and titanium Love .
Forty-six year -old stone overall , looks very lean and capable spirit . He has experienced four car accident, serious bodily injury , arms , feet , thighs, Jingbo multiple fractures have occurred . He said he had been able to walk around today , and can drive to the country to discuss business, thanks to its titanium support from the new life , let him walk freely and enjoy the fun of a new life . Know I was collecting material for their writing , "said titanium Big Pan " to introduce the knowledge of titanium , stone aggregate is also quite proud to tell me , I saw his outstretched right arm to roll up their sleeves that you see here on my arm titanium bone . Its the same to Baoji, Shaanxi Baoji Titanium Technology Co., Ltd. Gao Lin , general manager adds, titanium body very stony total , there are titanium plates , titanium screws, titanium bone , etc., also said that the stone is always the biggest beneficiaries of titanium person .
After listening to rock aggregate bond forged titanium , titanium makes me feel incredible. Although titanium is the biological parent metal , I still suspect and must be " titanium" and more on the body no good ! Unexpectedly Stone always said , all right, I'm no different with the previous freedom of movement . The total line when farewell stone back to Xi'an , according to the etiquette we shake hands with another , did not think his hand is so there is grip , which I regarded as " titanium" convinced , also felt the titanium to the crazy world of men brought endless madness charm.
If experience makes stone sunrui Titanium alloy valve and titanium total surprise , then, that 29 -year-old British teacher Gavin Rees and titanium that is really thrilling experience , shattering titanium madness.
According to the British "Sunday Mail" reported , Gavin Rees in a near-fatal skiing accident sustained severe head , facial bones and skull fractures and unrecognizable because even friends can not even recognize . Fortunately, the doctor for his purposes facial bone reconstruction surgery - with up to 21 " Titanium Skull" substitute its skull defect , and then to 131 screws tight to be fixed in order to eventually get rid of the death of his miraculously . Allegedly, 70% of head and now Gavin is composed of titanium , the metal content of his head than any other person in the world !
Talking about that crazy skiing accident , Gavin Rees recalled: "I facial bones are squeezed back , the whole head is deformed and friends have all been frightened , saying that they have been completely unable to recognize me . My injury is a mess , blood all over the place . friends will I wrapped in blankets , while singing to keep me awake while waiting for rescue personnel arrived . "
Happy is 19 hours of surgery to put " titanium head ," Gavin Rees has replaced the guy 's nose shape , people also become beautiful .
It is reported that doctors decided to rebuild destroyed Gavin Rees facial bone structure with titanium . As the face completely deformed , according to the doctor had Gavin passport photos as a guide to rebuild his facial structure . Interestingly, when informed that his facial bones should be replaced when titanium - Gavin require doctors to carry small change his appearance , put his nose made of titanium alloy handsome George Clooney looks like.
Doctors said that because of the metal content of Gavin Rees head than any man in the world , from students to their nickname "Golden headman " - sometimes friends curiously tapping his head , they also really will be issued clanking metal sound of it !
The above two cases associated with the titanium living textbook tells us that titanium is indeed a good thing, called the body regenerate bone. Men in this world juggling , crazy, looking for adventure stimulation, can not be avoided in the awesome scenery infinite probability , relatively woman, a man in distress is much larger than the crazy woman . We do not advocate the men go crazy adventure, but we want to bless a man of adventure , ready for their first 207 good human bones , " titanium" , which is " titanium titanium are " on the man's care.
In the green grass, when Sunrui titanium material you see men holding up play to do with titanium golf club to hit a ball , you will find a combination of titanium and man is so perfect , the mighty , the moment when the ball hit fly , you will feeling of titanium and titanium crazy man in the world opened the prelude - to show the beauty of masculine men titanium combined .
Forty-six year -old stone overall , looks very lean and capable spirit . He has experienced four car accident, serious bodily injury , arms , feet , thighs, Jingbo multiple fractures have occurred . He said he had been able to walk around today , and can drive to the country to discuss business, thanks to its titanium support from the new life , let him walk freely and enjoy the fun of a new life . Know I was collecting material for their writing , "said titanium Big Pan " to introduce the knowledge of titanium , stone aggregate is also quite proud to tell me , I saw his outstretched right arm to roll up their sleeves that you see here on my arm titanium bone . Its the same to Baoji, Shaanxi Baoji Titanium Technology Co., Ltd. Gao Lin , general manager adds, titanium body very stony total , there are titanium plates , titanium screws, titanium bone , etc., also said that the stone is always the biggest beneficiaries of titanium person .
After listening to rock aggregate bond forged titanium , titanium makes me feel incredible. Although titanium is the biological parent metal , I still suspect and must be " titanium" and more on the body no good ! Unexpectedly Stone always said , all right, I'm no different with the previous freedom of movement . The total line when farewell stone back to Xi'an , according to the etiquette we shake hands with another , did not think his hand is so there is grip , which I regarded as " titanium" convinced , also felt the titanium to the crazy world of men brought endless madness charm.
If experience makes stone sunrui Titanium alloy valve and titanium total surprise , then, that 29 -year-old British teacher Gavin Rees and titanium that is really thrilling experience , shattering titanium madness.
According to the British "Sunday Mail" reported , Gavin Rees in a near-fatal skiing accident sustained severe head , facial bones and skull fractures and unrecognizable because even friends can not even recognize . Fortunately, the doctor for his purposes facial bone reconstruction surgery - with up to 21 " Titanium Skull" substitute its skull defect , and then to 131 screws tight to be fixed in order to eventually get rid of the death of his miraculously . Allegedly, 70% of head and now Gavin is composed of titanium , the metal content of his head than any other person in the world !
Talking about that crazy skiing accident , Gavin Rees recalled: "I facial bones are squeezed back , the whole head is deformed and friends have all been frightened , saying that they have been completely unable to recognize me . My injury is a mess , blood all over the place . friends will I wrapped in blankets , while singing to keep me awake while waiting for rescue personnel arrived . "
Happy is 19 hours of surgery to put " titanium head ," Gavin Rees has replaced the guy 's nose shape , people also become beautiful .
It is reported that doctors decided to rebuild destroyed Gavin Rees facial bone structure with titanium . As the face completely deformed , according to the doctor had Gavin passport photos as a guide to rebuild his facial structure . Interestingly, when informed that his facial bones should be replaced when titanium - Gavin require doctors to carry small change his appearance , put his nose made of titanium alloy handsome George Clooney looks like.
Doctors said that because of the metal content of Gavin Rees head than any man in the world , from students to their nickname "Golden headman " - sometimes friends curiously tapping his head , they also really will be issued clanking metal sound of it !
The above two cases associated with the titanium living textbook tells us that titanium is indeed a good thing, called the body regenerate bone. Men in this world juggling , crazy, looking for adventure stimulation, can not be avoided in the awesome scenery infinite probability , relatively woman, a man in distress is much larger than the crazy woman . We do not advocate the men go crazy adventure, but we want to bless a man of adventure , ready for their first 207 good human bones , " titanium" , which is " titanium titanium are " on the man's care.
In the green grass, when Sunrui titanium material you see men holding up play to do with titanium golf club to hit a ball , you will find a combination of titanium and man is so perfect , the mighty , the moment when the ball hit fly , you will feeling of titanium and titanium crazy man in the world opened the prelude - to show the beauty of masculine men titanium combined .
titanium check valve Titanium wonderful woman in the world
Amy is a woman 's nature, even though she has " beauties Biyuexiuhua " of beauty, she would not give up the pursuit of beauty , women, the icing on the cake for a lifetime pursuit. Since ancient Aerospace titanium castings times, gold and silver diamond jade, pearl Ma Naobei are all dressed female beauty jewelry, it is also a woman in the beauty of nature to explore the beauty of decorative objects found on the end of the century a noble metal pro-biotic " titanium" relying on human skin affinity, began to become ornaments , into a brilliant woman in the world , adorned with endless wonderful woman in the world unique .
Because titanium jewelry beauty products, became the icing on the cake icing titanium , thus more beautiful woman in the world , hence the more wonderful , titanium let a woman when the wife "Titanium " beauty .
The first time I saw a woman Sunrui titanium material titanium ornaments , now or in the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, titanium , zirconium and hafnium club president and general manager of Baoji Titanium Group Wang Hanchen there to see. Wang always to remember that when the nation's largest titanium sponge production plant in Zunyi Titanium plant visits , took out a silver bracelet , said that this is done titanium bracelet, very lightweight , lightweight feel worn on the hand good . Later, by a friend in Taiwan where I saw a more refined workmanship titanium necklace , titanium rings, titanium earrings, titanium earrings and so on. At this time, I was aware of titanium in the twenty -first century will have a deep bond with the woman 's story will happen , perhaps because women in the world appear to produce a titanium jewelry titanium wonderful beautiful change.
Query data , I found that titanium is indeed magical, it can not only decorative features of the modern woman's beauty , dotted Li Jingbo , the whitewash the hand of the show, but also let some gloomy female breast rise, swagger - this is the new nickel-titanium bra alloy charm.
Breasts is regarded as the most notable female secondary sex characteristics . It is said that the habit of Oriental women bra Bra from Yang invention. Social progress , changing times , always had the habit of bra Oriental women have begun to wear sun dress , low-cut dress and other clothing , and some also use a variety of beautiful bra to beautify the shape of the breast .
In addition to the size of the sunrui Titanium alloy valve female breast affected by hormones , but also by a variety of genetic factors , environmental factors, nutrition , weight , physical exercise. Some people in order to make up the breasts while taking hormone drugs , endocrine disorders will inevitably bring , the beauty of women must be careful to use. Breast is it has the potential to cause harm to breast tissue under the negative influence . It is understood that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibited such products to market. Some foreign countries have silicon breast augmentation capsules bags in vivo safety questioned .
Experts recommend physical exercise plus choose the ideal bra is the most appropriate. Bra has recently introduced a new foreign high-tech , with its bottom rim "shape memory alloy" in place of nickel-titanium alloy when heated to a certain temperature , i.e., a predetermined shape to reply , and it is more flexible than the existing rims even after washing distorted , just wore that tie with the temperature curve , the elastic than normal rims doubled in size, will not be deformed . With the popularization and application of titanium , I believe that soon the natural beauty of oriental women will benefit from them.
Jewelry made of titanium , titanium system bra will make wonderful woman in the world . Advantage of titanium is " titanium " Light : titanium, stainless steel accounts for about half of cobalt, chromium and other alloys , it is much lighter than gold 16.3 , in making earrings, necklaces and other jewelry when obvious advantages ;
"Titanium " has good corrosion resistance : it embodies the advantages of jewelry is non-corrosive , not color, can long maintain a good luster, and is not afraid of water ;
"Titanium " has good biocompatibility : good corrosion resistance characteristics of titanium and people make it after long-term exposure does not affect its nature , does not cause allergies. Now in the medical field has been widely used. Therefore, people who are allergic to metal can boldly wear titanium jewelry ;
"Titanium " Can coloring : titanium metal has a very interesting feature , titanium placed on certain current through the electrolyte , the surface will be based on the electrolytic oxide film , and the thickness of the oxide film may decide to change the color while and no external element. Now do the colors are gold , black, blue , brown , flowers and other colors . This feature makes it more colorful jewelry design , more fashionable ;
High titanium hardness, not easy to deformation , unlike ordinary wear gold and silver jewelry and other period of time need to re- shaping.
Since the material properties of titanium and unique cultural connotation , she will become after the precious metals platinum, gold jewelry is another stylish and classic metal ! Recent years, the Western countries and Japan, South Korea , titanium jewelry industry is booming , and ascendant, titanium jewelry has become a fashion, classic , conservation , personality, health synonymous ! believe that in the near future , Xiuwaihuizhong , sunny temperament of women will add in the next Jin let panacea "Titanium " charm !
Because titanium jewelry beauty products, became the icing on the cake icing titanium , thus more beautiful woman in the world , hence the more wonderful , titanium let a woman when the wife "Titanium " beauty .
The first time I saw a woman Sunrui titanium material titanium ornaments , now or in the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, titanium , zirconium and hafnium club president and general manager of Baoji Titanium Group Wang Hanchen there to see. Wang always to remember that when the nation's largest titanium sponge production plant in Zunyi Titanium plant visits , took out a silver bracelet , said that this is done titanium bracelet, very lightweight , lightweight feel worn on the hand good . Later, by a friend in Taiwan where I saw a more refined workmanship titanium necklace , titanium rings, titanium earrings, titanium earrings and so on. At this time, I was aware of titanium in the twenty -first century will have a deep bond with the woman 's story will happen , perhaps because women in the world appear to produce a titanium jewelry titanium wonderful beautiful change.
Query data , I found that titanium is indeed magical, it can not only decorative features of the modern woman's beauty , dotted Li Jingbo , the whitewash the hand of the show, but also let some gloomy female breast rise, swagger - this is the new nickel-titanium bra alloy charm.
Breasts is regarded as the most notable female secondary sex characteristics . It is said that the habit of Oriental women bra Bra from Yang invention. Social progress , changing times , always had the habit of bra Oriental women have begun to wear sun dress , low-cut dress and other clothing , and some also use a variety of beautiful bra to beautify the shape of the breast .
In addition to the size of the sunrui Titanium alloy valve female breast affected by hormones , but also by a variety of genetic factors , environmental factors, nutrition , weight , physical exercise. Some people in order to make up the breasts while taking hormone drugs , endocrine disorders will inevitably bring , the beauty of women must be careful to use. Breast is it has the potential to cause harm to breast tissue under the negative influence . It is understood that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibited such products to market. Some foreign countries have silicon breast augmentation capsules bags in vivo safety questioned .
Experts recommend physical exercise plus choose the ideal bra is the most appropriate. Bra has recently introduced a new foreign high-tech , with its bottom rim "shape memory alloy" in place of nickel-titanium alloy when heated to a certain temperature , i.e., a predetermined shape to reply , and it is more flexible than the existing rims even after washing distorted , just wore that tie with the temperature curve , the elastic than normal rims doubled in size, will not be deformed . With the popularization and application of titanium , I believe that soon the natural beauty of oriental women will benefit from them.
Jewelry made of titanium , titanium system bra will make wonderful woman in the world . Advantage of titanium is " titanium " Light : titanium, stainless steel accounts for about half of cobalt, chromium and other alloys , it is much lighter than gold 16.3 , in making earrings, necklaces and other jewelry when obvious advantages ;
"Titanium " has good corrosion resistance : it embodies the advantages of jewelry is non-corrosive , not color, can long maintain a good luster, and is not afraid of water ;
"Titanium " has good biocompatibility : good corrosion resistance characteristics of titanium and people make it after long-term exposure does not affect its nature , does not cause allergies. Now in the medical field has been widely used. Therefore, people who are allergic to metal can boldly wear titanium jewelry ;
"Titanium " Can coloring : titanium metal has a very interesting feature , titanium placed on certain current through the electrolyte , the surface will be based on the electrolytic oxide film , and the thickness of the oxide film may decide to change the color while and no external element. Now do the colors are gold , black, blue , brown , flowers and other colors . This feature makes it more colorful jewelry design , more fashionable ;
High titanium hardness, not easy to deformation , unlike ordinary wear gold and silver jewelry and other period of time need to re- shaping.
Since the material properties of titanium and unique cultural connotation , she will become after the precious metals platinum, gold jewelry is another stylish and classic metal ! Recent years, the Western countries and Japan, South Korea , titanium jewelry industry is booming , and ascendant, titanium jewelry has become a fashion, classic , conservation , personality, health synonymous ! believe that in the near future , Xiuwaihuizhong , sunny temperament of women will add in the next Jin let panacea "Titanium " charm !
titanium check valve Application prospect titanium material
Titanium is first discovered by British scientists Geneigeer from ilmenite ore in 1791 , in 1795 the German chemist carat Plott also discovered the element from rutile and named "Titanium ." Aerospace titanium castings Due to the high chemical activity of titanium , in 1910 it was discovered 120 years after it first extract the metal titanium , magnesium reduction method in 1940 had titanium sponge , from the foundation of industrial production methods titanium .
Titanium reserves in the crust is very rich , it is second only to iron, aluminum , magnesium, ranking fourth , more than ten times more than the sum of the common metals copper, nickel , lead and zinc. Industry for the production of titanium ore rutile , ilmenite and titanomagnetite .
Titanium metal has many excellent properties : Titanium accounted for 4.5g/cm3, only 56% of the ordinary structural steel , structural steel and strength quite ordinary or higher , the metal structure material , titanium is the highest strength .
The melting point of titanium 1668 ℃, than iron , nickel, slightly higher than aluminum , magnesium , high melting point above 1000 ℃ . Therefore, as the light metal structural materials , titanium has a much better than aluminum, magnesium alloy heat resistance , maximum temperature up to 600 ℃.
A titanium oxide layer with highly rugged surface oxide film formed in an oxidizing atmosphere , which is an oxidizing acid, alkali , salt medium , especially in wet chlorine and seawater , has excellent corrosion resistance.
Titanium has allotrope crystal structure above 885 ℃ of close-packed hexagonal lattice of β phase , the following α -phase body-centered cubic lattice . Therefore , after adding different alloying elements , titanium can be divided into α-, β- and α + β categories. Allotrope of titanium so that when adding different alloying elements can be very different performance alloys and heat treatment has a large effect .
Expansion coefficient of titanium is 8.2 × 10-6 / ℃, the smaller the general structure of the metal , the thermal shock when a small stress , suitable for use in temperature changing environment .
Titanium has good toughness and fatigue resistance , weldability is also very good . Good low temperature properties of titanium , at -196 ℃, low temperature brittleness is not presented , these properties are very suitable for structural use .
Thermal conductivity of titanium small , non-magnetic , superconducting properties also have some titanium , memory performance, and hydrogen storage properties and other functions.
Since titanium has a series of sunrui Titanium alloy valve excellent performance, very rich in resources , after the advent of the industrial production of titanium , immediate attention by the world in general . 1947 United States take the lead in the industrialized production of titanium sponge , then produce two tons of titanium sponge , 1957 on the development of more than 15,000 tons . Japan in 1952, the former Soviet Union have begun in 1954 with an average annual production of titanium sponge . China also began trial production of titanium sponge in 1958, and now has formed a complete industrial system of titanium . Currently, there are countries in the world titanium industry mainly the United States , CIS, Japan, Britain, China and Germany.
The first is the application of titanium in military and aviation industry from the beginning . As early as 1951 the United States will be on the plane for titanium , used in aircraft to the United States in 1961 amounted to 3,940 tons of titanium manufacturing , accounting for 77% of the total amount of titanium , if the missile and space technology combined with titanium , titanium accounting 95% of the amount of material . The former Soviet Union , the United Kingdom titanium are mainly used in military and aerospace industries. In the 1970s , the excellent performance of titanium gradually generally recognized in civilian industry , titanium used in the metallurgical, chemical, electric power and other civilian industries increased year by year , the amount has been growing steadily . Now, the U.S. non- aerospace titanium has more than 30% , 50% CIS , Japan, due to historical reasons, almost all titanium for civilian industry.
China is a country very rich in titanium resources , after decades of development , has been formed from titanium, titanium sponge , titanium and titanium smelting production , titanium equipment manufacturing as a whole industrial system. China titanium for the aerospace industry is also the rise of our country in the 1980s determined to promote the principle of civilian titanium , the state has taken a timely manner to support the policy , titanium industry was on the path of stable development. However, the current scale of production in China and titanium and titanium industry there is a great gap between the world's developed countries , in the civil industry is also a small amount of titanium , the reason is the superiority of titanium materialSunrui titanium material has not been widely recognized , coupled with the high price of titanium material many companies can not afford to make a direct impact on the promotion of the use of titanium materials. For China 's titanium industry has been rapid development , we must vigorously publicize and promote the use of titanium metal, titanium metal material so that the superiority and the use of titanium material can bring economic and social benefits are well known.
Titanium reserves in the crust is very rich , it is second only to iron, aluminum , magnesium, ranking fourth , more than ten times more than the sum of the common metals copper, nickel , lead and zinc. Industry for the production of titanium ore rutile , ilmenite and titanomagnetite .
Titanium metal has many excellent properties : Titanium accounted for 4.5g/cm3, only 56% of the ordinary structural steel , structural steel and strength quite ordinary or higher , the metal structure material , titanium is the highest strength .
The melting point of titanium 1668 ℃, than iron , nickel, slightly higher than aluminum , magnesium , high melting point above 1000 ℃ . Therefore, as the light metal structural materials , titanium has a much better than aluminum, magnesium alloy heat resistance , maximum temperature up to 600 ℃.
A titanium oxide layer with highly rugged surface oxide film formed in an oxidizing atmosphere , which is an oxidizing acid, alkali , salt medium , especially in wet chlorine and seawater , has excellent corrosion resistance.
Titanium has allotrope crystal structure above 885 ℃ of close-packed hexagonal lattice of β phase , the following α -phase body-centered cubic lattice . Therefore , after adding different alloying elements , titanium can be divided into α-, β- and α + β categories. Allotrope of titanium so that when adding different alloying elements can be very different performance alloys and heat treatment has a large effect .
Expansion coefficient of titanium is 8.2 × 10-6 / ℃, the smaller the general structure of the metal , the thermal shock when a small stress , suitable for use in temperature changing environment .
Titanium has good toughness and fatigue resistance , weldability is also very good . Good low temperature properties of titanium , at -196 ℃, low temperature brittleness is not presented , these properties are very suitable for structural use .
Thermal conductivity of titanium small , non-magnetic , superconducting properties also have some titanium , memory performance, and hydrogen storage properties and other functions.
Since titanium has a series of sunrui Titanium alloy valve excellent performance, very rich in resources , after the advent of the industrial production of titanium , immediate attention by the world in general . 1947 United States take the lead in the industrialized production of titanium sponge , then produce two tons of titanium sponge , 1957 on the development of more than 15,000 tons . Japan in 1952, the former Soviet Union have begun in 1954 with an average annual production of titanium sponge . China also began trial production of titanium sponge in 1958, and now has formed a complete industrial system of titanium . Currently, there are countries in the world titanium industry mainly the United States , CIS, Japan, Britain, China and Germany.
The first is the application of titanium in military and aviation industry from the beginning . As early as 1951 the United States will be on the plane for titanium , used in aircraft to the United States in 1961 amounted to 3,940 tons of titanium manufacturing , accounting for 77% of the total amount of titanium , if the missile and space technology combined with titanium , titanium accounting 95% of the amount of material . The former Soviet Union , the United Kingdom titanium are mainly used in military and aerospace industries. In the 1970s , the excellent performance of titanium gradually generally recognized in civilian industry , titanium used in the metallurgical, chemical, electric power and other civilian industries increased year by year , the amount has been growing steadily . Now, the U.S. non- aerospace titanium has more than 30% , 50% CIS , Japan, due to historical reasons, almost all titanium for civilian industry.
China is a country very rich in titanium resources , after decades of development , has been formed from titanium, titanium sponge , titanium and titanium smelting production , titanium equipment manufacturing as a whole industrial system. China titanium for the aerospace industry is also the rise of our country in the 1980s determined to promote the principle of civilian titanium , the state has taken a timely manner to support the policy , titanium industry was on the path of stable development. However, the current scale of production in China and titanium and titanium industry there is a great gap between the world's developed countries , in the civil industry is also a small amount of titanium , the reason is the superiority of titanium materialSunrui titanium material has not been widely recognized , coupled with the high price of titanium material many companies can not afford to make a direct impact on the promotion of the use of titanium materials. For China 's titanium industry has been rapid development , we must vigorously publicize and promote the use of titanium metal, titanium metal material so that the superiority and the use of titanium material can bring economic and social benefits are well known.
titanium check valve Research Investment casting with titanium
Research Investment casting with titanium oxide ceramic shell -shell technology for
Titanium Investment casting technology to meet the needs of the aerospace industry and developed , Aerospace titanium castings has been widely used in aerospace titanium titanium components and civilian structures manufacturing. Practice has proved that the titanium alloy precision casting technology has become almost no margin of several forming processes to obtain maximum effectiveness of a process [ 1-3] . With the extensive application of titanium castings , its increasingly stringent quality and usability requirements , in addition, the level of costs also limit its application prospects is an important indicator . Graphite was low cost but poor quality of the casting surface , and is not suitable for the production of thin-walled complex parts [ 4 ] , but with the surface layer of refractory metal or yttrium oxide surface layer ceramic shell can be cast out of high quality titanium castings, but the cost is very high [ 5,6 ] . For this study the low -cost , suitable for the production of complex thin-walled shell technology for a new type of titanium oxide ceramic Investment casting is .
1 Materials and experimental methods
1.1 The main system shell material
Mold material : the material properties of the selected mode is shown in Table 1. The main use of imported wax wax casting specifically for titanium , gate part is low cost, performance can meet the requirements of homemade wax , respectively, after pressing, welding synthetic wax module.
Table 1 titanium casting mold materials with properties
Table1 Waxes used for making shells
Performance of imported wax homemade wax
Dropping Point / ℃ 69 ~ 71 70.5
Freezing point / ℃ 58 ~ 59 60 ~ 62
Linear shrinkage / % 1.3 0.4 0.6
Penetration / 1/10mm 12 ~ 14 11
Zhao hardness 21.1 19
Tensile strength / MPa 3.69 2.91
Adhesive wetting angle / ° 89 ~ 92 79 ~ 82
Density / g/mm3 0.91 ~ 0.94 0.95 ~ 1
Ash / % < 0.01 0.05
The surface layer and the adjacent surface layer of slurry : The main components of zirconia refractories , sunrui Titanium alloy valve size of 30μm or less. Organic zirconium sol as a binder , the size of the refractory rubber match should be 10 ~ 15nm.
The surface layer and the adjacent surface layer of sanding : the main component of the surface layer is made of zirconium dioxide sand , the size of 150 ~ 300μm. To reduce costs, the use of adjacent surface layer is mainly composed of ZrO2.SiO2 zircon sand . The results show that the diffusion of Si is not seen in the casting , it is feasible the use of zircon sand .
Back layer system shell material: silica sol as a binder , using Morley powder and sand as refractories.
1.2 system shell method
The order of addition batter followed binders , refractory powder , trace additives. Minor amounts of additives to improve the stability of the coating role is to improve the wettability of the material and the mold , etc., and to prevent drying of the surface layer after the return water soluble additive is selected micro- organic material can be removed during the calcination . Stir batter than 2h at room temperature ( about 20 ℃) in the air , after the return of 1h to use .
O face the same batter pulp and raw materials , the production process is the same, only slightly smaller concentrations . Slurry feed back order binders , refractory powder. Also need to continuously stirred slurry back more than 2h , after the return of before use. Depending on the size of the backing layer casting , painted hanging normally takes 4-9 layers.
Drying : Drying time the surface layer and the adjacent surface layer are 24h, the temperature is 20 ℃, relative humidity of not less than 60% , the drying time of the backing layer is not less than 4h, the same as other conditions and the surface layer .
Dewaxing process : the use of microwave dewaxing , the equipment used for the large cavity size , 1500W Adjustable microwave intensity.
Roasting process : After dewaxing gas shell fired at without protection roaster .
Optimization of two main parameters of the Shell Technology
In all system shell process parameters on shell quality and ultimately a greater impact on the quality of castings are: batter ingredients, namely powder -liquid ratio , dewaxing and roasting process parameters [ 7 ] , this research labs now there are devices on the above parameters in-depth study and optimize selection.
2.1 powder -liquid ratio across the layer of coating thickness and suspension rate impact
Table 2 powder-liquid ratio on the opposite layer coating thickness and coating suspension rates . The results show that the greater the surface pulp powder -liquid ratio , the greater the thickness of the surface coating , the coating suspension , the better. Generally believed that if the surface coating is too thin (<0.2mm), the shell will be affected by sanding the surface , the roughness increased. If the coating is too thick (> 0.6mm), the coating , poor mobility, easy accumulation , during the drying or firing cracks easily [ 7 ] , which in this study has also been confirmed in the present study therefore the powder in the liquid ratio should be controlled between 5.0:1 - 6.0:1 .
Table 2 in the powder -liquid ratio of coating performance
Table2 Effects of solid / liquid ratios on the properties of coating
4.0:1 5.0:1 5.5:1 powder -liquid ratio 6.0:1
Coating thickness / mm 0.11 0.25 0.36 0.65
Coating suspension rate / % 88.3 90.1 93.1 97.6
2.2 Effect of shell powder -liquid ratio and calcination temperature on the room temperature and high residual strength
Figure 1 shows the ratio of powder and liquid at room temperature and high temperature effect on residual strength . Strength of the sample is composed of five levels of plasma and surface sand composition , each drying 24h, continuous coating hanging , firing 4h. Flexural strength of the strength test .
Figure 1 powder-liquid ratio of the residual strength of the opposite layer
Fig.1 Effects of S / L ratios on the remain flexural of
surface coats baked at different temperatures
The results showed that the powder -liquid ratio improved shell specimen bending strength . Calcination temperature is increased , the flexural strength increases with . Since 1100 ℃ ZrO2 occurs near the phase transition , so that the strength in the vicinity of this temperature increase is not significant , but the phase change process , the lattice of unstable energy increased activity increased , so should be avoided in the actual production of the calcined temperature. After calcination at 1200 ℃ by the high ratio of powder and liquid coatings ( 6.5:1 ) intensity decreased slightly reason: Because the coating is too thick , a slight increase in the calcination process of internal defects , thereby affecting its strength. From the results in Table 2 and Figure 1 show that the optimum value of 5.5:1 powder-liquid ratio of the surface layer material . The firing temperature is preferably at about 1200 ℃, but for small pieces of calcination temperature can be set at around 1000 ~ 1050 ℃.
2.3 Optimization of process parameters dewaxing
For this study cast casting spade 150mm × 100mm , thickness of 2.5mm, the microwave dewaxing process, the time relationship between the intensity of the microwave shown in Figure 2 and dewaxing .
Figure 2 microwave intensity and dewaxing time
(a) the inner surface intact ; Sunrui titanium material (b) inner surface microcracks
Fig.2 Effects of different microwave intensities on dewaxing time
(a) no crack; (b) have cracks
Figure in a district that is less than 70% when the microwave intensity , dewaxed shell inner surface smooth , with little residual wax, no visible cracks. When the microwave intensity is too large (b zone ) , dewaxed shell intact , although overall , but there are a few cracks in the surface layer , with the microwave intensity increased the number of cracks increases , the reasons for this phenomenon may be due to over- heating rate fast , since the internal stress of the inner and outer layers of different thermal expansion coefficients of the time to produce slack . Therefore microwave intensity used in this study was 50% , dewaxing time about 8min. Through other experiments show that this dewaxing process useful in the present study not only the spade member is equally applicable to other shapes and sizes of parts.
Titanium Investment casting technology to meet the needs of the aerospace industry and developed , Aerospace titanium castings has been widely used in aerospace titanium titanium components and civilian structures manufacturing. Practice has proved that the titanium alloy precision casting technology has become almost no margin of several forming processes to obtain maximum effectiveness of a process [ 1-3] . With the extensive application of titanium castings , its increasingly stringent quality and usability requirements , in addition, the level of costs also limit its application prospects is an important indicator . Graphite was low cost but poor quality of the casting surface , and is not suitable for the production of thin-walled complex parts [ 4 ] , but with the surface layer of refractory metal or yttrium oxide surface layer ceramic shell can be cast out of high quality titanium castings, but the cost is very high [ 5,6 ] . For this study the low -cost , suitable for the production of complex thin-walled shell technology for a new type of titanium oxide ceramic Investment casting is .
1 Materials and experimental methods
1.1 The main system shell material
Mold material : the material properties of the selected mode is shown in Table 1. The main use of imported wax wax casting specifically for titanium , gate part is low cost, performance can meet the requirements of homemade wax , respectively, after pressing, welding synthetic wax module.
Table 1 titanium casting mold materials with properties
Table1 Waxes used for making shells
Performance of imported wax homemade wax
Dropping Point / ℃ 69 ~ 71 70.5
Freezing point / ℃ 58 ~ 59 60 ~ 62
Linear shrinkage / % 1.3 0.4 0.6
Penetration / 1/10mm 12 ~ 14 11
Zhao hardness 21.1 19
Tensile strength / MPa 3.69 2.91
Adhesive wetting angle / ° 89 ~ 92 79 ~ 82
Density / g/mm3 0.91 ~ 0.94 0.95 ~ 1
Ash / % < 0.01 0.05
The surface layer and the adjacent surface layer of slurry : The main components of zirconia refractories , sunrui Titanium alloy valve size of 30μm or less. Organic zirconium sol as a binder , the size of the refractory rubber match should be 10 ~ 15nm.
The surface layer and the adjacent surface layer of sanding : the main component of the surface layer is made of zirconium dioxide sand , the size of 150 ~ 300μm. To reduce costs, the use of adjacent surface layer is mainly composed of ZrO2.SiO2 zircon sand . The results show that the diffusion of Si is not seen in the casting , it is feasible the use of zircon sand .
Back layer system shell material: silica sol as a binder , using Morley powder and sand as refractories.
1.2 system shell method
The order of addition batter followed binders , refractory powder , trace additives. Minor amounts of additives to improve the stability of the coating role is to improve the wettability of the material and the mold , etc., and to prevent drying of the surface layer after the return water soluble additive is selected micro- organic material can be removed during the calcination . Stir batter than 2h at room temperature ( about 20 ℃) in the air , after the return of 1h to use .
O face the same batter pulp and raw materials , the production process is the same, only slightly smaller concentrations . Slurry feed back order binders , refractory powder. Also need to continuously stirred slurry back more than 2h , after the return of before use. Depending on the size of the backing layer casting , painted hanging normally takes 4-9 layers.
Drying : Drying time the surface layer and the adjacent surface layer are 24h, the temperature is 20 ℃, relative humidity of not less than 60% , the drying time of the backing layer is not less than 4h, the same as other conditions and the surface layer .
Dewaxing process : the use of microwave dewaxing , the equipment used for the large cavity size , 1500W Adjustable microwave intensity.
Roasting process : After dewaxing gas shell fired at without protection roaster .
Optimization of two main parameters of the Shell Technology
In all system shell process parameters on shell quality and ultimately a greater impact on the quality of castings are: batter ingredients, namely powder -liquid ratio , dewaxing and roasting process parameters [ 7 ] , this research labs now there are devices on the above parameters in-depth study and optimize selection.
2.1 powder -liquid ratio across the layer of coating thickness and suspension rate impact
Table 2 powder-liquid ratio on the opposite layer coating thickness and coating suspension rates . The results show that the greater the surface pulp powder -liquid ratio , the greater the thickness of the surface coating , the coating suspension , the better. Generally believed that if the surface coating is too thin (<0.2mm), the shell will be affected by sanding the surface , the roughness increased. If the coating is too thick (> 0.6mm), the coating , poor mobility, easy accumulation , during the drying or firing cracks easily [ 7 ] , which in this study has also been confirmed in the present study therefore the powder in the liquid ratio should be controlled between 5.0:1 - 6.0:1 .
Table 2 in the powder -liquid ratio of coating performance
Table2 Effects of solid / liquid ratios on the properties of coating
4.0:1 5.0:1 5.5:1 powder -liquid ratio 6.0:1
Coating thickness / mm 0.11 0.25 0.36 0.65
Coating suspension rate / % 88.3 90.1 93.1 97.6
2.2 Effect of shell powder -liquid ratio and calcination temperature on the room temperature and high residual strength
Figure 1 shows the ratio of powder and liquid at room temperature and high temperature effect on residual strength . Strength of the sample is composed of five levels of plasma and surface sand composition , each drying 24h, continuous coating hanging , firing 4h. Flexural strength of the strength test .
Figure 1 powder-liquid ratio of the residual strength of the opposite layer
Fig.1 Effects of S / L ratios on the remain flexural of
surface coats baked at different temperatures
The results showed that the powder -liquid ratio improved shell specimen bending strength . Calcination temperature is increased , the flexural strength increases with . Since 1100 ℃ ZrO2 occurs near the phase transition , so that the strength in the vicinity of this temperature increase is not significant , but the phase change process , the lattice of unstable energy increased activity increased , so should be avoided in the actual production of the calcined temperature. After calcination at 1200 ℃ by the high ratio of powder and liquid coatings ( 6.5:1 ) intensity decreased slightly reason: Because the coating is too thick , a slight increase in the calcination process of internal defects , thereby affecting its strength. From the results in Table 2 and Figure 1 show that the optimum value of 5.5:1 powder-liquid ratio of the surface layer material . The firing temperature is preferably at about 1200 ℃, but for small pieces of calcination temperature can be set at around 1000 ~ 1050 ℃.
2.3 Optimization of process parameters dewaxing
For this study cast casting spade 150mm × 100mm , thickness of 2.5mm, the microwave dewaxing process, the time relationship between the intensity of the microwave shown in Figure 2 and dewaxing .
Figure 2 microwave intensity and dewaxing time
(a) the inner surface intact ; Sunrui titanium material (b) inner surface microcracks
Fig.2 Effects of different microwave intensities on dewaxing time
(a) no crack; (b) have cracks
Figure in a district that is less than 70% when the microwave intensity , dewaxed shell inner surface smooth , with little residual wax, no visible cracks. When the microwave intensity is too large (b zone ) , dewaxed shell intact , although overall , but there are a few cracks in the surface layer , with the microwave intensity increased the number of cracks increases , the reasons for this phenomenon may be due to over- heating rate fast , since the internal stress of the inner and outer layers of different thermal expansion coefficients of the time to produce slack . Therefore microwave intensity used in this study was 50% , dewaxing time about 8min. Through other experiments show that this dewaxing process useful in the present study not only the spade member is equally applicable to other shapes and sizes of parts.
Aerospace titanium castings How to distinguish a titanium frame
Titanium material found
Development of titanium materials: a German chemist in 1794 ( two hundred and seven years ago ) discovered this new metal element and named it titanium titanium. Named by sources from the ancient myth of the West Prince Titan ( Titan ) , because he believes that super-strength titanium and ultra- refractory degree , working with the great Aerospace titanium castings Titan with shine .
Although titanium material in the Second ○ was discovered seven years ago , but due to refining process was not easy ( titanium is very easy to combine with oxygen ) , scientists have been unable to be refined into useful substances metals. Until 1938 , DuPont developed a new way to extract , plus magnesium reduction method, the red and gold reserves in the ground ore , after chlorination, plus magnesium , restore it and become a sponge titanium, to a ninety-four three years , DuPont began producing a large number of titanium metal products.
Development of titanium frames
Titanium is a metallic chemical element , because the refining process is not easy, and less expensive titanium material production , it is only used in the early titanium aerospace science , marine science and other high-tech science and energy development . And daily necessities are to begin in 1965 applied to the titanium material .
The first titanium frame is in九八○年someone invented the " rivet -like titanium frames " titanium welding is a very difficult material, there is no better way to do early connection handling , use rivets type of way to put it nailed together. While in 1981 , the plant began outside coated with a layer of nickel titanium material to facilitate welding. An increasingly competitive market and month of the new manufacturing methods , 1982 Day MARUMAM company pioneered the first payment in full titanium metal frames around the world ; 1984 also has factories launched nickel-plated titanium frames , there is a big price difference .
Material development of titanium
1 . Full titanium : Frame in addition to the screws and plastic gloves for outside , all metal parts made of titanium material .
2 . Nickel titanium package : Borders titanium material, the surface material using a nickel package , and now this frame no longer exists.
3 . Assembled Titanium: Due to the high cost of production of nickel and titanium package to update the device , it is not updated before , assembled titanium frames as the situation , but this product is dangerous because each metal has a different melting point, literally Putting it together will be very fragile. Early nickel- titanium frame package passes flattened angle , it 's not like a factory original border distribution of production so mean , so after use , nickel, and titanium -coated layer that will break out and no way to weld repair , titanium also includes assembling such a situation .
4 . Nickel-plated titanium : sunrui Titanium alloy valve In order to reduce costs, make it easier on the production, but also come up with a factory nickel plated titanium . So then processed using conventional welding techniques .
How to distinguish between pure titanium frame
1 Check the weight.
2 Check magnetic reflection.
3 Check the hinge structure .
4 with a chemical reagent checked.
5 Test conductive index .
We can be a magnet placed on the table , then leaned over the frame , if it is not generating the magnetic response of titanium frames . Also check its hinge , titanium glasses are placed two plastic or metal liner in the hinge , in addition , because of different metals with different electrical conductivity , so with conductive index can be measured whether the titanium metal .
Now consumers in addition to aerospace investment castings care about aesthetics , but also pay great attention to security , such as European countries have regulations, things come into contact with human skin items ( such as glasses , watches , necklaces , etc. ) , if necessary ingredient containing nickel marked . Because the nickel whites sometimes cause skin lesions or skin cancer , so manufacturers and stores have a duty to inform .
Development of titanium materials: a German chemist in 1794 ( two hundred and seven years ago ) discovered this new metal element and named it titanium titanium. Named by sources from the ancient myth of the West Prince Titan ( Titan ) , because he believes that super-strength titanium and ultra- refractory degree , working with the great Aerospace titanium castings Titan with shine .
Although titanium material in the Second ○ was discovered seven years ago , but due to refining process was not easy ( titanium is very easy to combine with oxygen ) , scientists have been unable to be refined into useful substances metals. Until 1938 , DuPont developed a new way to extract , plus magnesium reduction method, the red and gold reserves in the ground ore , after chlorination, plus magnesium , restore it and become a sponge titanium, to a ninety-four three years , DuPont began producing a large number of titanium metal products.
Development of titanium frames
Titanium is a metallic chemical element , because the refining process is not easy, and less expensive titanium material production , it is only used in the early titanium aerospace science , marine science and other high-tech science and energy development . And daily necessities are to begin in 1965 applied to the titanium material .
The first titanium frame is in九八○年someone invented the " rivet -like titanium frames " titanium welding is a very difficult material, there is no better way to do early connection handling , use rivets type of way to put it nailed together. While in 1981 , the plant began outside coated with a layer of nickel titanium material to facilitate welding. An increasingly competitive market and month of the new manufacturing methods , 1982 Day MARUMAM company pioneered the first payment in full titanium metal frames around the world ; 1984 also has factories launched nickel-plated titanium frames , there is a big price difference .
Material development of titanium
1 . Full titanium : Frame in addition to the screws and plastic gloves for outside , all metal parts made of titanium material .
2 . Nickel titanium package : Borders titanium material, the surface material using a nickel package , and now this frame no longer exists.
3 . Assembled Titanium: Due to the high cost of production of nickel and titanium package to update the device , it is not updated before , assembled titanium frames as the situation , but this product is dangerous because each metal has a different melting point, literally Putting it together will be very fragile. Early nickel- titanium frame package passes flattened angle , it 's not like a factory original border distribution of production so mean , so after use , nickel, and titanium -coated layer that will break out and no way to weld repair , titanium also includes assembling such a situation .
4 . Nickel-plated titanium : sunrui Titanium alloy valve In order to reduce costs, make it easier on the production, but also come up with a factory nickel plated titanium . So then processed using conventional welding techniques .
How to distinguish between pure titanium frame
1 Check the weight.
2 Check magnetic reflection.
3 Check the hinge structure .
4 with a chemical reagent checked.
5 Test conductive index .
We can be a magnet placed on the table , then leaned over the frame , if it is not generating the magnetic response of titanium frames . Also check its hinge , titanium glasses are placed two plastic or metal liner in the hinge , in addition , because of different metals with different electrical conductivity , so with conductive index can be measured whether the titanium metal .
Now consumers in addition to aerospace investment castings care about aesthetics , but also pay great attention to security , such as European countries have regulations, things come into contact with human skin items ( such as glasses , watches , necklaces , etc. ) , if necessary ingredient containing nickel marked . Because the nickel whites sometimes cause skin lesions or skin cancer , so manufacturers and stores have a duty to inform .
2014年3月27日星期四
Application of Power Industry in titanium tube titanium check valve
Titanium application in electric power industry is very extensive, especially in the nuclear power plant . Nuclear
power plant is a new energy facilities , in order to improve the operation and safety of the power plant 's rate is
now studying the use of titanium sunrui Aerospace titanium castings condenser. Of a 1100MW nuclear power plant with a titanium is about 150t, a nuclear
power plant of 1100MW of titanium is about 150t, a 600 MW thermal power station with a titanium is approximately
60t.
Firepower and nuclear power plant condensers used in the past, use of copper alloy tube. When it was discovered
that the corrosion resistance of titanium tubes can greatly superior to copper alloys , began in cooling ( including
tube plate ) using a titanium and titanium alloys , and the emergence of a full titanium condenser . Extensive use
of titanium and nuclear power plant condensers , turbine blades, pipes, etc. , he accounted for more than 20% of the
amount of machining titanium factory .
Another important application of titanium in sunrui aerospace castings the power industry is the heat exchanger ocean thermal energy
conversion plants , which is the highest utilization rate of metal equipment . Due to the low overall cycle
efficiency , heat exchangers are often made very large, multi- metal consumption , investment, and therefore often
used titanium . Such a heat exchanger corrosion resistance , long life , low maintenance.
Since the corrosion resistance of titanium and low density , making the production of high-quality material of
the steam turbine blade . Titanium blade can be increased without increasing the length of the blade rotor stress ,
raising the efficiency sunrui Titanium precision castings of the turbine.
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